GAO Wei-bin's clinical experience in treatment of neurogenic bladder with acupuncture / 中国针灸

The paper introduces GAO Wei-bin's clinical experience in acupuncture treatment for neurogenic bladder. In association with the etiology, the location and types of neurogenic bladder and in accordance with nerve anatomy and meridian differentiation, the acupoints are selected accurately in treatment. Four acupoint prescriptions are allocated. For frequent urination and urinary incontinence, the foot-motor-sensory area of scalp acupuncture, Shenshu (BL 23) and Huiyang (BL 35) are used. For all kinds of urine retention, especially the patients who are not suitable for acupuncture at the lumbar region, Zhongji (CV 3), Qugu (CV 2), Henggu (KI 11) and Dahe (KI 12) are selected. For all kinds of urine retention, Zhongliao (BL 33) and Ciliao (BL 32) are applicable. For the patients with both dysuria and urinary incontinence, Zhongliao (BL 33), Ciliao (BL 32) and Huiyang (BL 35) are chosen. In treatment of neurogenic bladder, both biao (root causes) and ben (primary symptoms) are considered, as well as the accompanying symptoms; and electroacupuncture is combined accordingly. During the delivery of acupuncture, the sites where the acupoints located are detected and palpated so as to rationally control the depth of needle insertion and the operation of reinforcing and reducing needling techniques.

Evaluación del proceso de atención urológica de pacientes pediátricos con mielomeningocele / Evaluation of the urological care process of pediatric patients with myelomeningocele

Introducción: El mielomeningocele (MMC) es una de las malformaciones congénitas más severas compatible con la vida. El 90% de los pacientes presenta vejiga neurogénica que debe ser evaluada y tratada precozmente. Objetivos: Describir la evaluación y tratamiento nefrourológico recibido por pacientes con MMC hasta el momento de la primera consulta en el Hospital Garrahan (periodo pre-ingreso). Describir la evaluación realizada y el tratamiento urológico implementado a partir del ingreso al hospital Garrahan (periodo post-ingreso). Evaluar la prevalencia de Enfermedad Renal Crónica (ERC). Población y Métodos: Se realizó un estudio con diseño clínico analítico, retrospectivo, longitudinal sobre pacientes con MMC de 1 mes a 18 años derivados al Hospital Garrahan para atención ambulatoria en los años 2011 y 2012. Resultados: Se incluyeron115 pacientes. Al momento de la derivación al hospital ("pre-ingreso") 7% de los pacientes habían logrado completar evaluación nefrourológica, (ecografía vesicorenal, urodinamia, Cistouretrografía, Centellograma renal y Creatininemia). Tratamiento: 33% vaciaban vejiga por CIL o vesicostomía y 21% recibían Oxibutinina. A partir del ingreso al seguimiento en el Garrahan 83% lograron completar la evaluación, y en función del resultado de la misma se indicó CIL en 87% y Oxibutinina en el 66% de los pacientes. La prevalencia de ERC al ingreso fue de 43%; la mayoría en estadio I. Conclusiones: La mayoría de los pacientes con MMC fueron derivados al hospital de tercer nivel con evaluaciones urológicas incompletas y sin el tratamiento adecuado de la vejiga neurogénica. El inicio del seguimiento interdisciplinario en un hospital de alta complejidad facilitó la realización de las evaluaciones necesarias y la implementación del tratamiento adecuado (AU)

Introduction: Myelomeningocele (MMC) is one of the most severe congenital malformations compatible with life. Of all the patients, 90% presents with a neurogenic bladder requiring early evaluation and treatment. Objectives: To describe the uronephrological evaluation and treatment received by patients with MMC up to the first consultation at Garrahan Hospital (pre-follow-up period). To describe the urological evaluation and treatment implemented from referral to Garrahan Hospital (follow-up period). To evaluate the prevalence of chronic kidney disease (CKD). Population and Methods: A retrospective, longitudinal study with a clinical, analytical design was conducted in patients with MMC between 1 months and 18 years of age referred to Garrahan Hospital for outpatient care in 2011 and 2012. Results: 115 patients were included. At the time of referral to the hospital ("pre-follow-up") 7% of the patients had undergone complete uronephrological evaluation (kidney-bladder ultrasonography, urodynamic studies, cystourethrography, renal scintigraphy, and creatininemia levels). Treatment: 33% emptied their bladder by CIC or vesicostomy and 21% received oxybutynin. From follow-up initiation at Garrahan Hospital, 83% underwent complete evaluation, and based on the results CIC was indicated in 87% and oxybutynin in 66% of the patients. On admission, prevalence of CKD was 43%; with stage I in the majority of the patients. Conclusions: The majority of the patients with MMC were referred to a third-level hospital with incomplete urological studies and without adequate treatment of the neurogenic bladder. Initiation of interdisciplinary follow-up at a tertiary hospital allowed for the necessary studies and implementation of adequate treatment (AU)

Clinical features of neurogenic bladder with vesicoureteral reflux in children / 中国当代儿科杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To study the clinical features of vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) in children with neurogenic bladder (NB), and to provide a reference for its early diagnosis and treatment.@*METHODS@#Clinical data were collected from 26 children with NB and urinary tract infection who were admitted to the Department of Pediatric Nephrology from January 2014 to December 2019. According to the presence or absence of VUR, the children were divided into a VUR group with 11 children and a non-VUR group with 15 children. Clinical features were compared between the two groups.@*RESULTS@#Compared with the non-VUR group, the VUR group had a significantly higher proportion of children with non-@*CONCLUSIONS@#When NB children have the clinical manifestations of non-

Intradetrusor onabotulinumtoxinA injections are significantly more efficacious than oral oxybutynin for treatment of neurogenic detrusor overactivity: results of a randomized, controlled, 24-week trial / Injeções intradetrusoras de onabotulinumtoxinA são significativamente mais eficazes que oxibutinina oral para tratamento da hiperatividade detrusora neurogênica: resultados de estudo randomizado e controlado de 24 semanas

ABSTRACT Objective To prospectively compare the results of intradetrusor onabotulinumtoxinA injections and oral oxybutynin for urinary continence, urodynamic parameters and quality of life in patients with neurogenic detrusor overactivity due to spinal cord injury. Methods Adult patients under intermittent catheterization were randomized 1:1 to receive one injection of onabotulinumtoxinA 300U or oxybutynin 5mg, per oris, three times/day. Primary study endpoint was change in urinary incontinence episodes/24 hours and secondary study endpoints were maximum cystometric capacity, maximum detrusor pressure, bladder compliance and quality of life before randomization and at week 24. Results Sixty-eight patients participated in the trial. Significant improvements in urinary incontinence per 24 hours, all investigated urodynamic parameters and quality of life were observed in both groups. Compared with oral oxybutynin, onabotulinumtoxinA was significantly more efficacious for all parameters investigated. Non-response to treatment was higher for oral oxybutynin (23.5%) than onabotulinumtoxinA (11.8%). Dry mouth was the most common adverse in patients with oral oxybutynin (72%) and transient macroscopic hematuria in patients with onabotulinumtoxinA (28%). Only one patient with oral oxybutynin dropped out the study because of adverse effects. Conclusion The comparison of the two study drugs showed that onabotulinumtoxinA was significantly more efficacious than oral oxybutynin with regard to continence, urodynamic parameters and quality of life. Clinicaltrials.gov: NCT:01477736.

RESUMO Objetivo Comparar prospectivamente os resultados de injeções intradetrusoras de onabotulinumtoxinA e oxibutinina oral em pacientes com hiperatividade neurogênica do detrusor devido à lesão da medula espinhal, para avaliar a continência urinária, os parâmetros urodinâmicos e a qualidade de vida. Métodos Pacientes adultos em cateterismo intermitente foram randomizados 1:1 para tratamento com uma injeção de onabotulinumtoxinA 300U ou oxibutinina 5mg via oral, três vezes por dia. O desfecho primário foi alteração nos episódios de incontinência urinária em 24 horas, e os secundários foram capacidade cistométrica máxima, pressão máxima do detrusor, complacência vesical e qualidade de vida antes da randomização e na 24ª semana. Resultados Participaram do estudo 68 pacientes. Observou-se melhora significativa na incontinência urinária por 24 horas em todos os parâmetros urodinâmicos investigados e na qualidade de vida em ambos os grupos. Em comparação com a oxibutinina oral, a onabotulinumtoxinA foi significativamente mais eficaz para todos os parâmetros investigados. A falha no tratamento foi maior para oxibutinina oral (23,5%) em comparação com onabotulinumtoxinA (11,8%). A boca seca foi o evento adverso mais comum em pacientes tratados com oxibutinina oral (72%), e a hematúria macroscópica transitória naqueles tratados com onabotulinumtoxinA (28%). Apenas um paciente tratado com oxibutinina oral interrompeu o estudo por conta dos efeitos adversos. Conclusão A comparação dos dois fármacos do estudo mostrou que onabotulinumtoxinA foi significativamente mais eficaz que oxibutinina oral em relação a continência, parâmetros urodinâmicos e qualidade de vida. Clinicaltrials.gov: NCT:01477736.

Síndrome de meningitis y retención urinaria / Meningitis-retention syndrome. Report of one case

The Meningitis-Retention Syndrome associates aseptic meningitis and neurogenic bladder, with a vesical dysfunction that outlasts meningitis widely. Urodynamic assessment shows a detrusor palsy with normal function of the external sphincter. We report a 24-year-old male admitted for headache, fever, myalgias and acute urinary retention, which was diagnosed as a urinary tract infection. Worsening of symptoms and slight meningeal signs prompted for a lumbar puncture that yielded a cerebrospinal fluid with 94 lymphocytes, in which etiological evaluation was inconclusive. Meningeal syndrome and myalgia subsided by the fifth day, while urinary retention persisted. A magnetic resonance imaging of the brain and spinal cord done at the fifth day, showed high intensity signals in basal ganglia and central spinal cord, not altered by contrast. These images disappeared in the imaging control performed two months later. Bladder dysfunction lasted at least until the second month of follow up.

Epididymitis in Patients with Anorectal Malformations: A Cause for Urologic Concern

Introduction Epididymitis in patients with anorectal malformation (ARM) represents a unique problem because unlike the general population, an underlying urinary tract problem is frequently identified. We review our experience with epididymitis in ARM population with an emphasis on examining urologic outcomes. Materials and Methods We performed a retrospective review of male patients with ARM cared for from 1980 to 2010. Clinical and pathologic variables recorded included age at presentation, recurrence, associated urologic anomalies, incidence of ureteral fusion with mesonephric ductal structures, glomerular filtration rate and urodynamic parameters. Results Twenty-six patients were identified with documented episodes of epididymitis. Renal injury was noted in five patients (19%), all of whom were diagnosed with neurogenic bladder (NGB) several years after anorectoplasty. NGB was found in ten patients (38%) in our series. Ectopic insertion of ureter into a mesonephric ductal structure was discovered in five patients (19%). Twelve patients (46%) had recurrent episodes of epididymitis, with seven of these patients (58%) being diagnosed with NGB. Two patients in the pubertal group presented with a history of epididymitis and complained of ejaculatory pain. Conclusion Epididymitis in a patient with ARM warrants a comprehensive urologic investigation, particularly in recurrent episodes. Attempts at surgical intervention (e.g. vasectomy) should be avoided until functional assessment of the urinary tract has occurred. Failure to recognize this association may lead to potentially avoidable complications and morbidity. Long term urological follow up of these patients is warranted to identify at risk patients and minimize renal deterioration .

Robot-assisted laparoscopic augmentation ileocystoplasty in a tubercular bladder

Some of the patients with genitourinary tuberculosis [GUTB] present to the urologist with small contracted bladders or with significant renal damage. [1] Additional reconstructive procedures are often required along with anti-tubercular treatment in these patients. These procedures commonly performed via the open approach, now have the advantage of minimally invasive approach provided by laparoscopic and robotic surgery. The technique of robot-assisted laparoscopic augmentation ileocystoplasty in a patient with a small contracted bladder due to GUTB will be described. The procedure was performed via a completely intra-corporeal technique using an ileal "cap" created from a 15 cm segment of distal ileum which was anastomosed to the urinary bladder bi-valved in the mid-sagittal plane. The procedure lasted for 420 minutes and the patient was discharged on postoperative day 5. At 6 month follow-up, the patient has no irritative urinary symptoms and voiding with insignificant post-void residual urine

Ureteral Cannulation as a Complication of Urethral Catheterization

Urinary catheterization is a common procedure, particularly among patients with neurogenic bladder secondary to spinal cord injury. Urethral catheterization is associated with the well-recognized complications of catheter-associated urinary tract infections and limited genitourinary trauma. Unintentional ureteral cannulation represents a rare complication of urethral catheterization and has been previously described in only eight cases within the literature. We describe two cases of aberrant ureteral cannulation involving two patients with quadriplegia. These cases along with prior reports identify the spastic, insensate bladder and altered pelvic sensorium found in upper motor neuron syndromes as major risk factors for ureteral cannulation with a urinary catheter.

Autocateterismo vesical intermitente na lesão medular / Clean intermittent self catheterization in spinal cord injury / Autocateterismo vesical intermitente en la lesión medular

O autocateterismo vesical intermitente-técnica limpa é uma técnica efetiva e segura para o tratamento e a prevenção das complicações vesico-urinárias decorrentes da lesão medular. Embora tenha sido descrita desde 1972, ainda existe resistência por parte dos profissionais de saúde em relação à sua utilização. Relataremos, no presente estudo, a metodologia utilizada no treinamento e na motivação dos pacientes para a utilização da técnica em um projeto de assistência de enfermagem clínica e voluntária, realizado em uma associação de caráter filantrópico, na cidade de Curitiba. Objetivamos divulgar a experiência adquirida a fim de que mais profissionais que atendem pessoas com lesão medular sejam motivados a indicar essa técnica.

The clean intermittent self catheterization is an effective and safe technique for the treatment and prevention of urinary tract disease that result from spinal cord injuries. Although it has been described as of 1972, there is still resistance from health professionals for its utilization. The present study presents a report about the method used for training and encouraging of the patients towards using the technique, in a project of clinical and voluntary nursing care, performed in at a philanthropic association in the city of Curitiba. Our objective was to disseminate the experience that was learnt, to encourage professionals who assist people with spinal cord injuries towards recommending this technique.

El Autocateterismo vesical intermitente - técnica limpia, es una técnica efectiva y segura para el tratamiento y la prevención de las complicaciones vésico-urinarias derivadas de lesión medular. A pesar de haber sido descripta ya en 1972, aún existe resistencia por parte de los profesionales de la salud para su utilización. Relataremos, en este estudio, la metodología utilizada para entrenamiento y motivación de pacientes para el uso de la técnica, en un proyecto de atención de enfermería clínica voluntaria, realizado en una asociación de carácter filantrópico en la ciudad de Curitiba. Objetivamos divulgar la experiencia adquirida, a fin de que más profesionales que atienden pacientes con lesión medular sean motivados a indicar esta técnica.

Estudo quantitativo da matriz extracelular e células do músculo liso de bexigas urinária após traumatismo raquimedular / Quantitative study of the extracellular matrix and smooth muscle cells of the urinary bladder after spinal cord injury

Lesões na inervação do trato urinário inferior ocasionado por traumatismo raquimedular afetam geralmente o músculo detrusor e o esfíncteres uretrais. Estas alterações acarretam problemas basicamente de incontinência urinária e aumento da pressão intravesical, decorrente deste traumatismo, trazendo consequências para o funcionamento do sistema urinário superior. Quantificar os elementos fibrosos da matriz extracelular e fibras musculares das bexigas neurogênicas hiper-reflexas comparando-as com bexigas normais. Foram utilizadas 6 amostras de bexigas neurogênicas de indivíduos que foram submetidos a cirurgia de reparação por cistoenteroplastia realizados pelo serviço de urologia do Hospital Municipal Souza Aguiar, estas amostras foram fixadas imediatamente em solução tamponada de formalina a 10%. O controle com amostras iguais as do estudo extraída de cadáveres cuja causa morte não relacionava-se ao sistema urogenital macroscópicamente. O material foi submetido as seguintes técnicas histoquímicas: H&E, van Gieson e Resorcina Fucsina resorcina de Weigert com prévia oxidação pela oxona. Imunohistoquímica: anti-elastina. A observação dos cortes corados pelo van Gieson demonstrou uma diminuição significativa do músculo liso de 13% e aumento do colágeno em 72% e as fibras do sistema elástico um aumento de 101%. Conclusão. Nas bexigas neurogênicas hiper-reflexas o músculo detrusor e os elementos fibrosos da matriz foram profundamente modificados. As fibras do sistema elástico foram as mais afetadas.

Lesions on lower urinary tract innervations caused by spinal cord injuries usually affect the detrusor muscle and urethral sphincter. Beside the smooth muscle fibers the collagen fibers and elastic system fibers, fibrous components of the extracellular matrix of the bladder wall, are strongly related to vesicle bladder compliance. For this reason the aim of this work is to quantify the fibrous elements of the extracellular matrix and muscle fibers of the neurogenic bladder hyperreflexia. Samples of neurogenic bladder were obtained from six men who had previously undergone surgical repair. The control group samples (n=6) were similarly obtained from patients whose deaths were not related to the urogenital system. The samples were stained using the following histochemical techniques: H&E, Van Gieson, Weigert and Sirius Red. Sections stained with Sirius Red were observed under polarization light microscopy to characterize possible different kinds of collagen. Immunohistochemical technique was used to characterize and quantify the elastic system fibers. Quantification analysis was performed by stereological methods. An increase of 72% of the collagen was observed. Nevertheless, the most significant difference observed was the raising of 101% of the elastic system fibers. Contrary the smooth muscle fibers showed a decrease of 13%. In the neurogenic bladder with detrusor hyperreflexia the fibrous elements of the extracellular matrix and smooth muscle fibers were greatly modified. The elastic system fibers seem to be the most affected in this disease.

Renal function in children with congenital neurogenic bladder

AIMS: Preservation of renal function in children with congenital neurogenic bladder is an important goal of treatment for the disease. This study analyzed the evolution of renal function in patients with congenital neurogenic bladder. METHODS: We reviewed the records of 58 pediatric patients with respect to the following attributes: gender, age, etiology of neurogenic bladder, reason for referral, medical/surgical management, episodes of treated urinary tract infections, urodynamics, DMSA scintigraphy, weight, height, blood pressure, glomerular filtration rate, microalbuminuria and metabolic acidosis. Statistical analysis was performed, adopting the 5 percent significance level. RESULTS: The mean age at presentation was 4.2 ± 3.5 years. Myelomeningocele was the most frequent etiology (71.4 percent). Recurrent urinary tract infection was the reason for referral in 82.8 percent of the patients. Recurrent urinary tract infections were diagnosed in 84.5 percent of the patients initially; 83.7 percent of those patients experienced improvement during follow-up. The initial mean glomerular filtration rate was 146.7 ± 70.1 mL/1.73 m²/min, and the final mean was 193.6 ± 93.6 mL/1.73 m²/min, p = 0.0004. Microalbuminuria was diagnosed in 54.1 percent of the patients initially and in 69 percent in the final evaluation. Metabolic acidosis was present in 19 percent of the patients initially and in 32.8 percent in the final assessment. CONCLUSIONS: Patient referral to a pediatric nephrologist was late. A reduction in the number of urinary tract infections was observed with adequate treatment, but microalbuminuria and metabolic acidosis occurred frequently despite adequate management.

Gravidez em mulheres com trauma medular prévio / Pregnancy on women with previous medullary injury

No Brasil, há 130 mil indivíduos com trauma da medula espinhal e, a cada cinco pessoas vítimas de lesão traumática da medula, uma é mulher. Devido ao trauma da medula espinhal ser menos incidente entre mulheres, e por estas permanecerem férteis e capazes de levar uma gravidez a termo, a literatura tem ignorado grandemente seu estudo ? fato que não elimina as muitas alterações psicofisiológicas, bem como as alterações na sexualidade e outras dificuldades durante a gestação. Apesar disso, os poucos estudos existentes indicam que, nesse caso, o parto normal pode ser vantajoso em relação à cesariana. O objetivo do trabalho foi realizar uma revisão da literatura sobre o assunto, e assim colaborar com os profissionais da área da saúde quanto à atenção à gestante com trauma da medula espinhal

In Brazil, there are 130 thousand individuals with spinal cord injury, and one out of five injured people is a woman. Due to the lower incidence of spinal cord injury among women, and to the fact that they remain fertile and able to carry a pregnancy to term, the literature has largely ignored their study ? a fact which does not exclude the many psycho-physiological changes, as well as alterations in sexuality and other difficulties during pregnancy. Nevertheless, the few existing studies indicate that the normal birth may be advantageous when compared to the cesarean. The objective of the article is to conduct a review of the literature on the subject, and thus collaborate with health care professionals on the attention to pregnant women with spinal cord injury

Vejiga neurogénica en pacientes con lesiones medulares / In patients with espinal cord injuries neurogenic bladder

Los pacientes que sufren lesiones medulares son proclives a padecer, entre otros problemas, trastornos urinarios. El sistema urinario regulado por los centros nerviosos puede encontrarse alterado cuando se produce una lesión medular. En la vejiga neurogénica, los nervios que llevan estos mensajes no funcionan adecuadamente. El tratamiento puede consistir en una cirugía o en maniobras específicas basadas en la educación del paciente para promover el autocuidado. Este trabajo presenta una muestra de las opciones que tiene el paciente para mitigar estos problemas con las alternativas de cuidados de enfermería. El presente artículo consta de dos partes. La Primera intenta reflejar algunas posibilidades técnicas con las que cuenta la ciencia hoy para aliviar y tratar este trastorno que puede significar un cambio radical en la vida del paciente.

SCIWORA-Spinal Cord Injury Without Radiological Abnormality.

Following trauma, the commonly used radiological investigations, plain radiographs and computed tomography (CT) studies do not rule out injury to the spinal cord. This is especially true for children, as an entity known by the acronym SCIWORA (spinal cord injury without radiological abnormality) exists and the changes may be picked up only on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Early treatment (within 6 hours) with high dose methylprednisolone improves the outcome. Spinal trauma being common it is possible that the burden of neurological handicap following this can be reduced by increasing awareness and early treatment with steroids. In the community, pediatricians are often the first medical contact after spinal trauma and awareness of the lacune of conventional imaging techniques is important especially if clinical symptoms pertaining to the spine are present. The community pediatrician is hereby made aware of the need to investigate spinal trauma with a MRI for possible SCIWORA situation as it generates a possibility for therapeutic intervention to alter the outcome positively.

Mitrofanoff procedure incombination with enterocystoplasty for detrusor hyperreflexia with external sphincter dyssynergia: one-year experience of 12 cases.

Twelve patients with the mean age of 35 years who had undergone Mitrofanoff procedure incombination with enterocystoplasty between 1998-1999 were interviewed. All of the patients had suprasacral spinal cord injuries for the mean of 3.5 years from the accident to the operation and failure of medical treatment to suppress hyperreflexic bladder. The vermiform appendix was used to implant as continent stoma in 10 cases and ileal segment was used in 2 cases due to prior appendectomy. The bladder capacity was increased from the mean of 180 ml before the operation to 300 ml intraoperation and 800 ml at 1 year post-operation. Up to 1 year, no immediate and late complication was detected except one case who had orchitis at eleven months post-operation. All of them still have continence and self-intermittent catheterization can easily be performed via continent stoma at the abdominal wall.

Toxocarosis neurológica: descripción de un caso clínico / Neurologic toxocariasis: description of clinical case

La toxocarosis es una parasitosis producida por los nematodos Toxocara canis y Toxocara felis cuyos huéspedes naturales son los cánidos y félidos domésticos, respectivamente. La infección humana ocurre de manera accidental por la ingesta de huevos larvados presentes en la tierra, arena, agua o alimentos contaminados. Abarca una diversidad de presentaciones clínicas que sumadas a la inespecifidad de la sintomatología y a la dificultad para acceder a un diagnóstico de laboratorio preciso, lleva a que la mayoría de los profesionales no piensen en esta helmintiasis. EL presente trabajo describe un caso clínico de toxocarosis neurológica, diagnóstica, tratamiento y epidemiología. Paciente femenino de 42 años de edad, con historia de contacto íntimo con cachorros y perras preñadas que desarrolló compromisos neurológicos (paraparesia y vejiga neurógena espástica) asociada a leucocitosis con eosinofilia intensa y persiste (11.766 eosinófilos/mm3), hepatomegalia y serología positiva a Toxocara canis determinada por Elisa y confirmada por Western-blot. Tratamiento: albendazol 400 mg/ día cada 12 hs por vía oral durante 7 días y metilprednisona 80 mg/ día por vía oral durante 3 semanas seguidas de una disminución paulatina de la dosis. El estudio epidemiológico consistió en diagnóstico serológico a convivientes de la paciente, análisis parasitológicos a las heces de su perro y a muestras de tierra procedentes de su domicilio, resultando en todos casos positivos para Toxocara canis

Vejiga neurogénica por mielomeningocele: evaluación y tratamiento inicial / Neurogenic bladder by myelomeningocele: evaluation and first treatment

En 1992 creamos un protocolo para estudio, control y tratamiento inicial de pacientes con Mielorneningocele. A la fecha hemos recibido 33 pacientes nuevos, 27 de ellos durante los primeros meses de vida. 65 por ciento fueron mujeres. El estudio inicial consistió en Ecografía, Uretrocistografía y estudio Urodinámico. Se clasificó como paciente de riesgo aquellos que se presentaron con Hidronefrosis en Ecografía y/o Reflujo Vesicoureterál en U.C.G. y/o alta presión intravesical en Urodinamia. Este grupo lo constituyeron 17 pacientes, en los cuales el tratamiento de elección fue el cateterismo intermitente (C.I.). En 4, que no era posible realizar este procedimiento, se prefirió hacer vesicostomía inicial, en otros 4 estando en C.I. se observó aumento de hidronefrosis o I.T.U. recurrente, por lo cual, se procedió a realizar derivación urinaria. El seguimiento fue principalmente en base a Ecografía a los 3, 6 y 12 meses y luego semestral, U.C.G. al año y urodinamia si existía sospecha de cambio de esta. En la actualidad todos los pacientes tienen riñones dentro de límites normales, menos uno con displasía renal inicial. Incluso 15 que se presentaron con hidronefrosis en algún momento de su evolución, ésta se encuentra muy disminuida o desaparecida

Evaluación urodinámica en pacientes en edad pediátrica con vejiga neurogénica secundaria a mielodisplasia: aplicación de los marcadores predictivos de lesión de las urinarias superiores / Urodynamic evaluation of pediatric patients with neurogenic bladder secondary to myelodysplasia: application of lesion predictive markers of upper urinary tract

En 1991 Galloway propuso un marcador que permite predecir, de manera individual, el deterioro de las vías urinarias superiores, tomando en cuenta los cinco factores que contribuyen a la presión de vías urinarias inferiores, a saber: 1) Reflujo vesicoureteral 2) contractilidad del detrusor (hiperreflexia), 3) adaptabilidad vesical, 4) resistencia uretral (presión de fuga de estrés), y 5) comportamiento de los esfinteres interno y extrno (disinergia). La finalidad de este estudio fue evaluar la aplicabilidad de estos criterios en pacientes con vejiga neurogénica secundaria a mielodisplasia con el propósito de predecir la lesión de las vías urinarias superiores. Durante el periodo de 1993 a 1995 se enviaron para estudio de urodinamia 30 pacientes en edad pediátrica con diagnóstico de vejiga neurogénica secundaria a mielodisplasia y seleccionados de manera aleatoria simple. Se revisaron los expedientes clínicos, radiológicos y urodinámicos, y se aplicó la escala pronóstica de Galloway. Se calculó el punto de corte de mayor sensibilidad y especificidad en relación con la presencia de daño renal. Se cuantificó la relación entre la presencia de hidronefrosis y cada uno de los factores que influyen en la presión de las vías urinarias superiores, y se determinó la significación estadística de estas relaciones. El punto de corte predictivo de daño renal fue de 6 puntos (83 por ciento de sensibilidad y 52 por ciento de especificidad), OR = 12.38, P = 0.019. Todos los factores se correlacionaron significativamente con el riesgo de daño renal, excepto la presión de fuga, aunque su valor OR resultó significativo. La adaptabilidad vesical fue el factor con el mayor grado de relación con el riesgo de daño renal, OR = 96, P = 0.000038. Por lo anterior, la escala pronóstica de Galloway ofrece una alternativa de medición objetiva y simple de la función de las vías urinarias inferiores. Además, identificar el factor específicamente implicado en el aumento de la presión de las vías urinarias superiores permite la intervención más eficiente y eficaz, con tratamiento farmacológico o quirúrgico, para disminuir la presión intravesical y prevenir la lesión de las vías urinarias superiores

Factores relacionados con la gluccosuria como metodo de control para la diabetes mellitus / Factors related to glycosuria as a control method for diabtes mellitus

Con la finalidad de mejorar la calidad de la interpretacion de la glucosuria como metodo de control para la diabetes mellitus, se analizo la concordancia entre la glicemia y la glucosuria en 54 pacientes diabeticos.La edad, el tiempo de evolucion y la presencia de vejiga neurogenica fueron los factores que modificaron esta concordancia. Se reafirma la utilidad de este proceder como criterio de control para la diabetes mellitus y se senalan los factores que se deben tener en cuenta al interpretar sus resultados